State Symbols and Icons

Below is a selected list of Tennessee’s beloved official symbols. Each entry highlights the significance, fun facts, or historical context that make these icons uniquely Tennessean.

​

1. State Nickname: “The Volunteer State”

• Why “Volunteer”? The nickname originated from the state’s volunteer soldiers who played a prominent role in the War of 1812, particularly during the Battle of New Orleans.

 

2. State Motto: “Agriculture and Commerce”

• Meaning: Adopted in 1987, this motto represents Tennessee’s longstanding economic pillars: farming (cotton, tobacco, livestock) and trade.

 

3. State Flag

• Design: Created by Colonel LeRoy Reeves, the Tennessee flag features a circle of three white stars on a blue field, representing the state’s “Grand Divisions” (East, Middle, and West Tennessee).

• Adoption Year: 1905

 

4. State Seal

• Elements: The Roman numerals XVI symbolize Tennessee’s place as the 16th state. “Agriculture” and “Commerce” appear as references to the state motto.

 

5. State Bird: Northern Mockingbird

• Why It Matters: Known for its ability to mimic other birds (and even mechanical noises), the mockingbird is common across Tennessee’s landscapes.

• Adoption Year: 1933

 

6. State Insects: Firefly (Lightning Bug) and Ladybug

• Fun Fact (Firefly): Fireflies light up Tennessee’s summer nights, especially in the Smoky Mountains area, a prime spot for synchronous fireflies.

• Fun Fact (Ladybug): Ladybugs play a vital role in pest control, feeding on aphids and other insects harmful to crops.

 

7. State Butterfly: Zebra Swallowtail

• Description: Recognized by its black-and-white striped wings and long tail-like extensions.

• Favorite Habitat: Prefers wooded areas, especially where its host plant (the Pawpaw tree) grows.

 

8. State Reptile: Eastern Box Turtle

• Characteristic: Has a domed shell and the unique ability to completely seal itself inside for protection.

 

9. State Amphibian: Tennessee Cave Salamander

• Habitat: Found in the limestone caves of Middle and East Tennessee; recognized for its external gills and pinkish hue.

 

10. State Flowers

1. Cultivated Flower: The Iris

   • Color Range: Usually purple, but irises can be white, yellow, or multicolored.

   • Adoption Year: 1933

2. Wildflower: Passion Flower

   • Nickname: Also called the “maypop.”

   • Symbolism: Its intricate blooms have been tied to folklore and medicinal uses.

 

11. State Tree: Tulip Poplar

• Appearance: Tall with distinct tulip-shaped leaves and greenish-yellow flowers.

• Cultural Note: Commonly used in woodcraft and historically prized by pioneers.

 

12. State Horse: Tennessee Walking Horse

• Famous Gait: Known for the “running walk,” providing a smooth ride.

• Heritage: Bred in Middle Tennessee in the late 18th century.

 

13. State Fish: Channel Catfish & Largemouth Bass

• Channel Catfish: A staple in many Tennessee rivers; prized for its tasty fillets.

• Largemouth Bass: A favorite among sport fishers in Tennessee’s lakes and rivers.

 

14. State Gem: Tennessee River Pearl

• Source: Harvested from mussels in the Tennessee River.

• Unique Quality: Known for their natural shapes and variety of colors.

 

15. State Fruit: Tomato

• Adoption Year: 2003

• Use: Tennessee tomatoes are known for their flavor; widely used in Southern cuisine.

 

16. State Songs

• “Tennessee Waltz” (adopted 1965) – One of the most famous waltzes in American music history.

• “Rocky Top” (adopted 1982) – A spirited anthem beloved by University of Tennessee fans.